This 2d volume describes the systematic application of Promise Theory to systems, representing a significant step forward in describing functional systems with both dynamics and semantics. By combining quantitative and qualitative descriptions in a single framework, Promise Theory provides the first impartial language for multiscale system phenomena. The closer one is the intrinsic scale of a system component, the more its qualitative semantics dominate its behaviour. As one scales out to large numbers, dynamical patterns dominate the average behaviours.This book serves as guide to graduate students and researchers in the development of a new science of systems, and contains an outstanding number of examples and lessons accumulated over ten years of working in the field, unified by a single theoretical Promise Theoretic model.

This open book is licensed under a Open Publication License (OPL). You can download A Treatise on Systems (volume 2) ebook for free in PDF format (4.4 MB).